2014-Aug-1st-MBBS

Describe the thyroid gland under the following headings:

1. Parts
2. Capsule
3. Relations
4. Blood supply
5. Applied anatomy

  1+1+4+2+2=10

Describe ulnar nerve in the hand under the following headings:

1. Course and relations
2. Branches
3. Distribution
4. Applied anatomy

4+2+2+2=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Inferior horn of the lateral ventricle

Geniculate bodies

Mesodermal derivatives of the first arch

Histology of Lymph node

Circle of Willis

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Nerve supply and actions of the cricothyroid muscle

Median cubital vein

Conus medullaris

Applied anatomy of scaphoid bone

Coracoid process of the scapula

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Describe the right atrium of the heart under the following headings:

1. External features
2. Openings
3. Interior
4. Development

2+1+5+2=10

Describe the stomach under the following headings:

1. Parts
2. Stomach bed
3. Arterial supply
4. Lymphatic drainage

2+4+2+2=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Cruciate anastomosis

Tendo calcaneus

Klinefelter syndrome

Microscopic structure of ovary

Contents of the inguinal canal

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Development of urinary bladder

Movements of ankle joint

Boundaries and contents of adductor canal

Cervical pleura

Branches of inferior mesenteric artery

What are the different types of lipoproteins?  Discuss their role in cholesterol transport.

5+5=10

Describe the tricarboxylic acid cycle and explain its significance.  Add a note on the energetics.

3+3+4=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Porphyrias

Competitive inhibition with examples.

Calorific value.

Detoxification by conjugation.

Functions of Vitamin C.

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Essential fatty acids.

Sickle cell anemia.

Dietary fibre and its role.

Allosteric enzymes.

Define Epimers.  Name two Epimers.

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What are the types of DNA?  Describe the structure of B-DNA.  How is DNA organized in the nucleolus?

3+3+4=10

Describe the various biochemical liver function tests.  Explain the biochemical findings in different types of jaundice.

5+5=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Role of lungs in maintenance of body pH.

Creatinine clearance

Polymerase chain reaction

Role of parathormone in calcium homeostasis

Tumor markers

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Anion gap

Mention four biochemical functions of zinc

Wobble hypothesis

Oncogenes

Maple syrup urine

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Define mean arterial blood pressure.  Describe the various factors regulating it.

2+8=10

2)

Describe the role of counter-current mechanism in kidney function.

10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

3)

Describe the role of T-lymphocytes in immunity.

4)

Outline the steps of erythropoiesis.  Explain the essential factors required for it.

5)

Pharyngeal phase of deglutition.

6)

Digestion and absorption of fats.

7)

Haldane effect.

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

8)

Define facilitated diffusion.  Describe factors affecting it.

9)

Hypovolemic shock.

10)

Cyanosis.

     11)  

Physiological dead space.

     12)

Vitamin K dependant clotting factors.

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Describe the connections, functions of basal ganglia.  Add a note on Parkinsonism.

3+3+4=10

Describe the actions and regulation of cortisol.

6+4=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Define hypermetropia.  Explain the method of its correction.

Role of cochlea in pitch discrimination.

Anterolateral sensory pathway and its functions.

Actions of estrogen.

Postural hypotension.

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Neuromuscular blocking agents.

Sex determination.

Role of Sertoli cells.

Motor aphasia.

Anosmia.

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