A long felt need of the people of Jorhat was fulfilled with the laying of the Foundation Stone of the Jorhat Medical College by Hon'ble Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan Singh, in presence of Hon'ble Chief Minister of Assam Sjt Tarun Gogoi, Hon’ble Union Minister of Law & Justice Shri Veerappa Moily, Hon’ble Union Minister of Mines and DoNER Shri B.K. Handique, Hon’ble Health Minister of Assam Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma, Hon’ble MLA Shri Rana Goswami and a galaxy of distinguished guests and a huge crowd, on the historic day of 25th August 2008. The Mission took a giant step when the Hon'ble Chief Minister of Assam Sjt Tarun Gogoi inaugurated the hospital wing of the Jorhat Medical College on 12th October 2009. The coming up of the 500+ bedded Jorhat Medical College Hospital equipped with state-of-the-art diagnostic, therapeutic ICU/ICCU and patient care facilities including a modern integrated residential campus has brought about a sea change in the health care scenario in the entire district of Jorhat and beyond.
Jorhat Medical College
Kushal Konwar Path, Barbheta
P.O. Jorhat-785001, Assam, India
Phone: +91 376 2370107
Fax: +91 376 2370109
Mail to:[email protected]
M.B.B.S.
Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (Latin: Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae; abbreviated in many ways, most commonly MBBS, but also MB ChB, BMBS, MB BCh, MB BChir), is the primary medical degree awarded by medical schools in countries that follow the tradition of the United Kingdom. The historical degree nomenclature states that they are two separate undergraduate degrees. In practice, however, they are usually combined as one and conferred together, and may also be awarded at graduate-level medical schools.
Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), is a professional degree in medical science. A person holding the MBBS degree becomes a certified medical practitioner. The duration of MBBS course is five years and six months including one year of rotational internship at hospitals, health centres, and health camps organised by non-profit organisations (NGOs). MBBS course syllabus includes studies on anatomy, pharmacology, pathology as well as community health & medicine, paediatrics, and surgery. The syllabus, prescribed in such a way that MBBS degree holders can choose a specialisation for further majoring and practising medicine. The career specialisations for MBBS students are Nephrology, Cardiology, Gynecology, Anesthesiology, Organ Transplant, Endocrine, and General Surgery, etc.
MD - Bio-Chemistry
MD - Forensic Medicine/Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
MD - General Medicine
MD - Microbiology
MD - Pathology
MD - Pharmacology
MD - Physiology
MD - Radio Diagnosis/Radiology
MD - Social & Preventive Medicine / Community Medicine
MD/MS - Anatomy
MD/MS - Obstetrics & Gynaecology
MS - ENT
MS - General Surgery
MS - Orthopaedics
Anatomy
Anatomy is a fundamental subject of the medical curriculum. Anatomy department of our MAPIMS has a A/C Lecture hall, excellent Practical labs, Dissection hall, Research lab and Seminar hall with all modern teaching & learning facilities.
DISSECTION HALL
Our department has a spacious, well ventilated dissection hall with adequate number of instruments, dissecting tables and cadavers to give proper training to the students. To gain a sound anatomical knowledge all students are compulsorily made to dissect the cadaver everyday to make the subject lovable and interesting.
HISTOLOGY LAB
Histology lab is well equipped with all instruments, microscopes, slides and chemicals. Additionally we have 11 binocular camera attached microscopes connected with computer and one connected with CCTV. All students are given histology slide and microscope individually during practical hours to gain a good histological knowledge in addition to theory classes.
RESEARCH LAB
It is well arranged with Hot air ovens, Refrigerator, Weighing machine, microtome and all necessary chemicals.
MUSEUM
As it is an attractive section of Anatomy Department, due care has been taken to develop the museum. Our Museum hall is spacious and well ventilated with very good light source. More than 150 Specimens which are carefully dissected and mounted in glass jars. They are well displayed on the tables under different sections as dry & wet. Adequate number of catalogues are prepared and kept to enable the students to learn the specimens easily.
Adequate number of embryology and gross anatomy models are displayed with brief explanatory notes for each model. To gain a thorough knowledge of Osteology, we have 10 articulated skeleton and more than 30 sets of disarticulated bones. To train them in Radiology, more than 100 X-rays are made available.
FACULTIES
Our department is fulfilled with eminent, well qualified, experienced and dedicated teachers who are students friendly and more approachable. Anatomy is taught by them by a balanced approach with a combination of lectures, practicals, seminars & symposia with multimedia device.
Biochemistry
Biochemistry, the soul of medicine is an excellent and an ever growing discipline having extensive teaching and research activities. It encompasses a versatile knowledge with clinical correlation.
The first year students learn about the chemistry and biological aspects of medical biochemistry in their theory and demonstration and orient them towards health and disease by various problems based learning methodology.
By doing some routine clinical investigation in the practical laboratory, we are familiarizing the student to correlate; clinical finding in disease condition and the student are also oriented towards seminars, case studies and discussion in tutorial biochemistry classes.
By conducting internal examination and giving regular assignments the academic performance of the students are assessed.
Physiology
Students interested in this area of body science are guided by a team of dedicated faculty members with excellent teaching resources. The sessions are a mix of both theoretical/practical training and pre-clinical knowledge instruction. Regular symposia, seminars and journal club meetings create forums for the exchange of ideas. Faculty members use both vertical and horizontal methods of lecture and demonstration classes so that students can have a deeper understanding of applied physiology.
Curriculum
The undergraduate students are given a sound grounding in the basics of physiology. The curriculum is comprised of lectures backed by practical classes where students apply concepts in real time. The postgraduate program imparts to students a detailed look at physiology, instructing them through tutorials, seminars and group discussions and motivating them in research activities of their interest under the guidance of expert faculty.
Forensic Medicine
It is one of the 21 teaching departments of the institute. It has the require infrastructures and staffs as prescribed by Medical Council of India.
Well experience Faculty members of the department is giving training to the students so that at the end of the course, the students shall be able to apply his medical knowledge to solve medico-legal problems related to injuries, unnatural deaths, sexual-offences etc. for the cause of justice.
The students shall be able to appear in a court of law as a Registered Medical Practitioner and give evidence in cases of Homicide, Assault, Sexual offences, Alcoholic intoxication, Drug dependence and other cases requiring medical opinion
The students shall be able to distinguish between ethical and unethical conducts of the medical practitioners and practice medicine in the society following medical ethics and etiquette as prescribed by the Indian Medical Council.
Faculty members are regularly attending Work-shops, Conferences, CME etc. Some of them are also working for as Honorary members of some National Journals. They have published a good number of papers in different journals.
Dr. A. Momon Singh Professor of the Department & Dean of the institute has been awarded Fellowship of Indian Academic of Forensic Medicine in 2008.
The department has organized State level CME on “Legal hurdles in medical practice” on 8th October 2010 in the institute
Microbiology
The department of microbiology at MAPIMS possesses a faculty & training programme that is one of the best in the field. State of art facility, including all equipments students lab, demonstration halls, bacteriology, virology, & immunology lab, research lab exist in the department.
The student’s lab as well as diagnostic lab is provided with digital microscope. For practical work each student will be allotted with binocular microscope. The department library is furnished with text books of several international & national authors. To add on to its pride, there is department museum with charts, model & various parasite specimens etc.
The routine diagnostic work will be done in the diagnostic lab which also caters to all the practical necessities of the students. Apart from routine curriculum, the student will have to take active part in seminars; problem based learning, short project work & quiz.
Pathology
Pathology is a unique medical specialty as diagnosis is the foundation of all patient care. It is a branch of medicine dealing with the study of diseases and its underlying mechanisms and provides diagnosis for the treatment and management of patients.
CURRICULUM
The study of pathology is divided into general pathology and special or systemic pathology. In recent years with the advent of modern advances in genetics and molecular pathology, we at MAPIMS, strive to impart abundant knowledge to the budding doctors .We are striving to achieve this goal with the help of state of the art laboratories, modern equipments, audio visual aids and museum, under the supervision of experienced and well qualified teaching staff. Students get adequate exposure to the different subspecialties of pathology like Surgical pathology, Clinical pathology, Cytopathology, Hematology and Molecular pathology at our institution .We also have a separate department of Transfusion Medicine which consists of modern Blood Bank with Component separation to cater to the needs of ill patients.
RESEARCH
Weekly journal clubs and projects, seminars and symposiums are held at the institute regularly. The academic wing has two practical halls capable of training 90 students at a time. The hospital laboratories are well equipped with advanced facilities which help to provide accurate diagnosis to the patients. We thus train the students to understand the pathology of diseases and provide the final diagnosis in all clinical ailments to the patients.
We also conduct the following projects in our department :
- Regular pap screening of all female OPD patients and organize camps in surrounding villages.
- Regular screening of pediatric and anemic patients for hemoglobinopathies.
- Immunohistochemistry studies for soft tissue and lymphoid malignancies.
Pharmacology
A good physician has to be a good pharmacologist. Students gain a thorough knowledge of medications, such as various routes of administration, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reactions and dosage schedules.
With well-qualified and experienced faculty guiding them, students can look forward to an interesting course. The faculty keep themselves up-to-date by participating in national and international conferences and presenting scientific papers. This in turn keeps students updated.
Curriculum
The curriculum is a healthy mix of theoretical and practical work. Students are expected to take up projects and attend clinical classes. They are also given the opportunity to learn new concepts through seminars, group discussions and CME programs. Interactive sessions encourage students to present their understanding of the subject. Faculty members put the audiovisual facilities of the lecture halls to good use in keeping the sessions lively.
Undergraduate students are made familiar with the usage of medications commonly prescribed in dentistry. Since prescribing drugs is an important daily routine for a medical professional, training in writing a proper prescription is also part of the curriculum. Research
Both faculty and students are encouraged to attend research programs to come out with better medications and investigate existing prescription drugs. The Animal House is attached to the department as much of the research involves testing we are also conducting a pharmaco vigilance program in our institution.
A vital role
The department plays a pivotal role in the MAPIMS Medical College Hospital by providing other clinical departments with a variety of services:
Drug information for clinical departments
Patient treatment assessments by monitoring drug levels
Complete drug formulary for clinical reference
Clinical trials conducted in collaboration with
pharmaceutical companies
Community Medicine
Community Medicine is the branch of medicine concerned with the health of populations. It strives to protect and promote the health and well-being of the community through the Primary Health Care approach
Health needs of populations are measured and appropriate strategies are developed to improve the health status of the community through health promotion, disease prevention and health protection.
Training in Community Medicine aims ate nurturing Primary Care Physicians who can recognize and mange common health problems in the community. The Community-oriented Primary care Physician will have the ability to identify, prioritize and manage the health problems of the community. He/she would be an effective leader of the health team at primary care levels.
The Community Physician demonstrates excellence in academics, health research, and leadership skills. He/she is instrumental in development of public health policy, design, implementation and evaluation of health programs and applies them to a broad range of community health issues.
Students of this subject will have to apply the knowledge they have gained in several areas of medicine for the benefit of the community. They are taught the preventive, curative and promotive aspects of every illness. They are also encouraged to involve in the community, during their Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internship (CRRI).
Department Mission
The Community Medicine Department is committed to educating medical students to be community responsive primary care physicians who meet the health care needs of the community and the country as a whole particularly the rural and medically underserved communities and to work constantly for quality improvement to make our Institution’s vision of “HEALTH FOR ALL “.
Department Goal
The goal of undergraduate teaching/training in Community Medicine is directed towards achievement of “HEALTH FOR ALL”. Aim of undergraduate training is to prepare the students to become Primary Care Physicians competent to handle & manage commonly occurring health problems in the community
Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a speciality with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who manages diseases related to skin, hair, nails, and some cosmetic problems.
What is a dermatologist?
A dermatologist is a doctor who specializes in conditions involving the skin, hair, and nails. A dermatologist can identify and treat more than 3,000 conditions. These conditions include eczema, psoriasis, and skin cancer, among many others.
The skin is an incredible organ. It is your first line of defense against disease, protects your other organs, warms you up and cools you down, and sends messages about how healthy you are inside. Dermatologists are expert medical doctors and skin surgeons with the unique skills and experience to offer the best care for the organ that cares for you.
Dermatologists have extensive training, going to school for 12 years or more to learn to diagnose and treat more than 3,000 diseases of the skin, hair, and nails as well as cosmetic concerns. Patients see dermatologists for issues that are much more than skin deep. Problems with their skin can harm patients’ sense of self-worth, create discomfort that can make everyday activities difficult, and, in some instances, threaten lives.
General Medicine
The Department of General Medicine is one of the key departments among clinical specialties. Post-Graduation course in General Medicine first started in 2009. Over the years the department has evolved and has maintained pace with changing times and needs of the society. Today, besides training undergraduates and post graduates in General Medicine.
General Surgery
The Department of General Surgery uphold a multi-faceted mission – it provides superior patient care and specialized focus in the field of laproscopy, and endoscopic procedures. The Department examines over 650 patients each year. It performs about 8500 major and 650 minor operations every year.
Services Provided
Treatments and procedures performed in the Department of General Surgery includes the following:
Thyroid
Excision of Thyroglossal cyst, Hemithyroidectomy, Total thyroidectomy, Complete thyroidectomy, Parathyroid, Excision of single parathyroid adenoma, , Excision of Thyroglossal cyst, Total parathyroidectomy.
Salivary Glands
Submandibular gland excision, Superficial parotidectomy, Total parotidectomy, Drainage of parotid abscess.
Breast
Excision biopsy of breast lump, Wide local excision of breast lump, Wide local excision of breast lump + axillary clearance, Subcutaneous mastectomy, Modified Radical mastectomy, Simple mastectomy, Microdochectomy, Drainage of breast abscess, excision of breast lump.
Abdomen
Open & Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic Roux-en-y hepatico-jejunostomy, CBD Exploration, Open Choledocholithotomy, Distal pancreatectomy, Cyst-jejunostomy, Cyst-gastrostomy, Whipple’s operation, Distal pancreatectomy, Laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy, Esophageal diverticulectomy, Enucleation of leiomyoma esophagus, Radical gastrectomy, Feeding gastrostomy, Laparotomy and repair of duodenal ulcer, Laparotomy with under running of bleeding peptic ulcer pyloric exclusion, Lap assisted resection and anastomosis, Lap repair of small bowel perforation, Laparoscopic adhesiolysis, Laparoscopic assisted splenectomy, Laparoscopic Splenectomy, Ileostomy, Closure of ileostomy, Repair of small bowel perforation, Splenectomy, Closure of small bowel perforation, Jejunal stricturoplasty, Feeding jejunostomy, Duodenojejunostomy, Appendicectomy, Drainage of appendicular abscess
Colon and Rectum
Right hemicolectomy, Subtotal colectomy, Seton revision, Colovesical fistula, Rectal biopsy, Hartman’s procedure, Thiersch Wiring for rectal prolapse, Laying open of low fistula in ano, Laying open of high fistula in ano + seton tie, Seton Removal, Incision and drainage of perianal abscess, Lateral sphincterotomy, Abdomino-perineal resection, Caecostomy, Colostomy closure, Examination under anaesthesia, Laying open of high fistula in ano, Laying open of residual anal fistula & Seton removal, Excision of fistula-in-ano, Incision and drainage of ischiorectal abscess, Anal dilation, Anal canal reconstruction, Excision of perianal nodule, Digital hemorrhoidal artery ligation, Doppler hemorrhoidal dearterialization, Seton replacement, Core excision of fistulous tract, Fistula repair by gracilis myocutaneous flap, Fissurectomy, Anal polypectomy, Laparoscopic assisted colectomy, Laparoscopic assisted APR, Endoscopic Stapled Haemorrhoidectomy, Laparoscopic left colectomy, Laparoscopic assisted colostomy, Laparoscopic abdominal rectopexy, Laparoscopic anterior resection, Laparoscopic appendectomy, Laparoscopic excision of ovarian cyst, Exploratory Laparotomy + biopsy, Diagnostic Laparoscopy, Diagnostic laparoscopy converted to open laparotomy, Laparoscopic assisted excision of retroperitoneal tumour, Exploratory Laparotomy, Diagnostic Laparoscopy + biopsy, Diagnostic laparoscopy with adhesiolysis, Exploratory laparotomy with adhesiolysis, Exploratory laparotomy with repair of liver laceration, Laparoscopic extraction of abdomen foreign body, Laparoscopic deroofing of hydatid cyst, Laparotomy with TAHBSO, Laparoscopic omentectomy, Omental resection, Drainage of abscess, Ovarian cystectomy, Retroperitoneal mass,
Hernia
Open inguinal mesh hernioplasty, Mini mesh hernioplasty, Litchenstein mesh repair of inguinal hernia, Anatomical repair of hernia, Onlay mesh repair of hernia, Inguinal herniotomy, Bassini repair of inguinal hernia, Repair of femoral hernia (preperitoneal approach), Mayo's repair (double breasting) of hernia, Mesh repair of hernia, Abdominoplasty, Parastomal hernia, Mesh repair of spigelian hernia, Mesh repair of incisional hernia, Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia, Laparoscopic intraperitoneal inlay mesh repair, Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia, Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of ventral hernia, Endoscopic total extraperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia, Laparoscopic TEP repair of femoral hernia, Laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair, Laparoscopic Mayo’s repair with meshplasty, Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of incisional hernia
Urology
Nephrectomy, Nephrolithotomy, Pyelolithotomy, Extended pyelolithotomy, Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy, Ureterolithotomy, Orchiectomy, Orchidopexy for undescended testis, Circumcision, Excision of hydrocele sac, Debridement of Fournier's gangrene scrotum, Pyeloplasty, Palomo's operation, Testicular biopsy, Vasectomy, Eversion of hydrocele sac, Excision of epididymal cyst, Excision of haematocele sac, Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, Laparoscopic pyeloplasty, Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy, Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy, Laparoscopic ligation of varicocele, Laparoscopic orchiectomy, Laparoscopic orchiectomy,
Vascular and Lymphatics
Trendelenburg's procedure + SEPS (Susfascial endoscopic peyoratons surgery) Amputation of digits, Below knee amputation, Insertion of drain (CT Guided), Fasciotomy, Transmetatarsal amputation, Removal of infected mesh, Bullet extraction, Trendelenburg’s procedure with stripping of SV & multiple phlebectomies, Tongue biopsy, Endoscopic sub-fascial ligation of varicose veins, Excision Haemangiomas (sub-cutaneous & intramuscular), Excision of lymphatic cysts.
Skin And Soft Tissue
Excision of lump, lipoma, parasitic cyst, sebaceous cyst, ganglion, wart. Incision biopsy, Excision biopsy, Incision & Drainage, Excision of carbuncle, Lymph node biopsy, Wedge excision of ingrowing toe nail, Removal of foreign body, Repair of torn ear lobule, Exploration of sinus, Wide excision, Excision of pilonidal sinus, Drainage of pilonidal abscess, Excision and primary closure of pilonidal sinus, Secondary suturing of wound, Debridement wound, Split skin grafting, Wound Exploration.
Surgery of skin & soft tissue malignancies.
Haermorrhoids, open haemorrhordectomy, stappled haemorrhoidectomy, surgery for fistula in Ano.
Diabetic Foot Complications
Minimal access surgery, laperoscopic procedures such as Diagnostic Laproscopy, Laproscopic Appendicetomy, laproscopic cholecystectomy, laproscopic hernia repair, Laproscopic orchidopery.
Orthopaedics
The Orthopaedic Surgery Department at MAPIMS Medical College Hospital has already made a niche for itself and people from the city and even far off places make a beeline for it. Department is a highly experienced teacher and a skilled surgeon with special interest in spine and joint replacement and experienced surgeon who heads the second unit in the department
Curriculum
A streamlined teaching program has been designed for the undergraduates who are posted to the Orthopaedic Department in rotation. Clinical demonstration classes take place in the outpatient department, and the students are trained through clinical examinations and presentations. Students are encouraged to interact with the faculty members to create an atmosphere of trust. Orthopaedic cases of clinical interest are discussed at the CME programs. The students are exposed to pre-operative planning where surgical cases are discussed in great detail.
Paediatrics
Paediatrics tunes a student's medical skills towards the health of infants, children and adolescents, their growth and development, and their opportunity to achieve full potential as adults. Paediatricians who care for the young are also concerned with social and environmental influences along with the health and well-being of children and their families. The young are often the most vulnerable in society and so their needs require special attention. With this in mind, Paediatricians at MAPIMS Medical College Hospital and Research Center provide child healthcare with utmost care and affection, especially to the poor and needy belonging to the surrounding 80 and odd villages.
The well-qualified faculty includes senior and experienced paediatricians and dedicated nursing staff are always at hand to provide guidance.
Curriculum
Over the course period, you will be part of organized teaching programs that comprise of lectures, clinical postings, evaluation tests and more.
Community health Students are involved in the frequent health camps conducted by the department for rural children. The department uses these clinics to spread awareness on child healthcare. The department also adopts villages and provides healthcare for them.
Psychiatry
The P.G. course in the Department of Psychiatry at Katuri Medical College & Hospital was started in 2009. Since then, the department has been actively involved in clinical care, training students from various streams, research and community work.
Professionals from Psychology and Psychiatric Social Work are involved in management of each patient, so that the care provided is holistic. Treatment approaches used are according to the various international standard guidelines. The students are benefited from this approach of care and are better skilled
Key Features
- The department has been part of Katuri Medical College & Hospital for the last 8 years.
- Involved in treating patients with mental health problems and also liaises with other departments of the hospital in managing psychological issues in medically ill.
- Involved in training undergraduate and postgraduate students.
- The faculty in the department are experienced and involved in imparting skills and knowledge to the students and dedicated to patient care.
- The curriculum and training in this department is on par with national institutes.
- Faculty are actively involved in research
Area of Study :
Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders. These include various affective, behavioral, cognitive and perceptual abnormalities.
Human body and mind are interrelated, and illness of body affect the mind and vice versa. There can be no health without a healthy mind. The combined treatment of psychoactive medication and psychotherapy has become the most common mode of psychiatric treatment in current practice, but current practice also includes widely ranging variety of other modalities. While the focus of psychiatry has changed little over time, the diagnostic and treatment processes have evolved dramatically and continue to do so. Over the years the field of psychiatry has evolved and has become less conceptually isolated from other fields of medicine.
Human body and mind are interrelated, and illness of body affect the mind and vice versa. There can be no health without a healthy mind. The combined treatment of psychoactive medication and psychotherapy has become the most common mode of psychiatric treatment in current practice, but current practice also includes widely ranging variety of other modalities. While the focus of psychiatry has changed little over time, the diagnostic and treatment processes have evolved dramatically and continue to do so. Over the years the field of psychiatry has evolved and has become less conceptually isolated from other fields of medicine.
Ophthalmology
The eye is sometimes called the window to the soul. But people rarely admit to deficiencies in their eyesight until it's too late. The Ophthalmology Department of MAPIMS Medical College gives students the knowledge to diagnose and treat the eye of its maladies. an experienced and qualified ophthalmologist, and his team of faculty.
Operation theater
The hospital has a fully equipped exclusive ophthalmic operation theater to perform intra-ocular and extra-ocular surgeries for all age groups, under both local and general anaesthesia. Around 1008 cataract surgeries were done in the year 2011.
Cardiology
Cardiology (from Greek καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and -λογία -logia, "study") is a branch of medicine that deals with the disorders of the heart as well as some parts of the cardiovascular system. The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology. Physicians who specialize in this field of medicine are called cardiologists, a specialty of internal medicine. Pediatric cardiologists are pediatricians who specialize in cardiology. Physicians who specialize in cardiac surgery are called cardiothoracic surgeons or cardiac surgeons, a specialty of general surgery.
Specializations
All cardiologists study the disorders of the heart, but the study of adult and child heart disorders are through different training pathways. Therefore, an adult cardiologist (often simply called "cardiologist") is inadequately trained to take care of children, and pediatric cardiologists are not trained to take care of adult heart disease. The surgical aspects are not included in cardiology and are in the domain of cardiothoracic surgery. For example, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), cardiopulmonary bypass and valve replacement are surgical procedures performed by surgeons, not cardiologists. However, some minimally invasive procedures such as the cardiac catheterization and pacemaker implantation are performed by cardiologists with additional training in non-surgical interventions (interventional cardiology and electrophysiology respectively).
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