P.G. Curriculum

M.S. General Surgery Index

 

 

 

 

1. Goals

 

2. Objectives

 

3. Syllabus

 

4. Teaching Programme

 

5. Posting

 

6. Thesis

 

7. Assessment

 

8. Job Responsibilities

 

9. Suggested Books

 

10. Model Test Papers

 

 

Curriculum

M.S. General Surgery 

 

• The infrastructure and faculty of the department of surgery will be as per MCI guidelines

.

1. Goals

•   The goal of MS course in Surgery  is to produce a competent surgeon who:  has acquired the competence pertaining to surgery  that is required to be practised in the community and at all levels of health care system
•  has acquired  the skills to manage the patients of trauma effectively. 
•  has acquired skill in effectively communicating with patient and his attendants.  has the desired surgical skills to independently operate on elective and
• emergency cases
•  is aware of the latest  developments in the field of surgery  is oriented to principles of research methodology   has acquired skills in educating medical and paramedical professionals.

2. Objectives

•    At the end of the MS course in surgery, the student should be able to  practice the specialty of surgery  in keeping with the principles of professional

ethics

•  recognize and identify the various surgical problems  institute diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitative and preventive measures to provide holistic care to the  patient
•  take detailed history, perform full physical examination and make clinical

diagnosis

•  perform relevant investigative and therapeutic procedures   interpret important imaging and laboratory results  independently perform basic surgical procedures  manage surgical trauma emergency efficiently
•  Demonstrate empathy and human approach towards patients and their families.
• demonstrate communication skills of a high order in explaining management and prognosis, providing counselling and giving health education to patients, families and communities,
• develop skills as a self-directed learner, recognize continuing educational needs, use appropriate learning resources, and critically analyze relevant published literature in order to practice evidence-based surgery
•  facilitate learning of medical/nursing students, practicing physicians, para-
• medical health workers and other providers as a teacher/trainer  organize and supervise the desired managerial and leadership skills

3. Syllabus

• During the training period, efforts are always made that adequate time is spent in teaching the students skill required for performing basic surgical procedures and making them accustomed to handling difficult trauma and critical patients.

3.1. Theory

 Diagnostic and interventional radiology.

•  Preparing a patient for surgery
•  Anaesthesia and pain management
•  Acute life support and critical care
•  Fluid and Electrolyte balance and transfusion products

 Nutrition

•  Wounds,tissue repair and scars
•  Basic surgical skills and anastomosis
•  Principles of laparoscopic surgery 
•  Wound Infection
•  Sterile precautions and theatre safety  Parasitic infections.

 AIDS.

•  Transplantation
•  Cyst,ulcers and sinus
•  Principles of Oncology
•  Day Surgery
•  An approach to surgical audit
•  Surgical  ethics
•  Clinical trials and statistics

 Plastic & reconstructive surgery: Skin grafting, Flaps-Principles of Soft Tissue Coverage, Hypospadias, Principles of microvascular surgery with special reference  to vessel repair. 

 Burns

•  Accident and Emergency Surgery
•  Warfare injuries
•  Craniocerebral trauma (Head Injury),Spinal Injuries 
• Elective Neurosurgery- Brain tumours, spinal cord  tumours,hydrocephalus , spinal dysraphism 
•  Cleft lip & palate
•  Maxillofacial injuries
•  Oral and Oropharyngeal cancer

 Disorders of salivary glands- Anatomy,clinical features, investigations,  examination, Medical and surgical treatment of stone,infection and tumour in the salivary  glands

 Pharynx,   larynx             and     neck-Anatomy           and      physiology      clinical features,investigations, diagnosis        and      emergency     treatment        of         airway obstruction and tumours

 Thyroid- Development and anatomy, physiology and investigations,medical and surgical treatment of thyroid problems

 Parathyroid and adrenal glands- Surgical concept of parathyroid and adrenal disorders,investigations, role of surgery, management of various cancers

 Breast- Surgical anatomy, investigations, anomalies, management of benign and malignant breast disorders. 

 Thorax-Surgical anatomy and physiology, investigations, role of surgery in  management of chest trauma and surgical oncology as applied to chest surgery

 Cardiac Surgery-Role of surgery in cardiac diseases, investigations,  management

 Arterial disorders-Nature of occlusive arterial diseases, acute  arterial occlusion, severely ischaemic limb, aneurysm diseases, clinical features, investigations ,treatment options

 Venous disorders-Venous anatomy, physiology, varicose veins ,DVT, Venous insufficiency and ulcers

 Lymphoedema-Functions, development, causes, clinical features, investigations ,  treatment

 Oesophagus-Anatomy,physiology,clinical features,investigations,treatment of benign and malignant disorders

 Stomach and duodenum-Anatomy and pathophysiology,clinical features, investigations, management of benign and malignant disorders

 Liver-Anatomy,clinical features,investigations management of liver trauma, infections, tumours

 Spleen- Anatomy, pathology,clinical features investigations , Management of splenic trauma

 Gall bladder and bile ducts-Surgical anatomy,physiology,clinical features,investigations , treatment of benign and malignant disorders

•  Pancreas
•  Peritoneum,Omentum,mesentery and retroperitoneal space
•  Small and large intestines
•  Intestinal Obstruction
•  Vermiform Appendix  Rectum
•  Anus and anal canal
•  Hernias,umblicus and abdominal wall
• Genitourinary system:Urinary symptoms, investigation of the urinary tract and anuria, kidney and ureters,urinary bladder,prostate and seminal vesicles,urethra and penis,testis and scrotum
•  Postoperative care

 Paediatric Surgery: Preparation of Paediatric Surgery patients pre & post operative, Soft tissue tumour, Causes of Neonatal Obstruction, Anorectal malformation, Hypertrophic Pyloric       stenosis,         Undescended            Testis, Hirschsprung’s disease, Oesophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal fistula, Wilms tumour, Malrotation of gut

3.2. Practical 

 History and examination: History taking and examnination as relevant to   General Surgery.

 Monitoring Skills: Temperature recording, capillary blood sampling,arterial blood sampling,venous blood sampling, cardio-respiratory monitoring, pre & post operative patient monitoring  and management accordingly.

 Therapeutic Skills: Tracheostomy, chest tube insertion, suturing, catheterization, Ryle’s tube insertion, airway management, nasogastric feeding, endotracheal intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, venepuncture and establishment of vasular access, administration of fluids, blood, blood components, parenteral nutrition, common dressings, abscess drainage and basic princples of rehabilitation, bed sores management, 

 Diagnostic Skills: Interpretation of X-rays/CT/MRI ,ultrasonographic abnormalities and laboratory  tests.

 Surgical Skills:Observation of  general layout and working of OT,understanding the importance of management and maintaining the sanctity of OT,scrubbing,working and sterilization of OT instruments, equipments eg electrocautery etc., Laparoscopic  Set, shifting of OT patients, pre operative work up of patients, acquisition of  basic  surgical skills  to perform minor/medium surgeries independently (suprapubic cystostomy, Urethral Dilatation, Cystolithotomy, Varicocele, Orchidectomy, Ureterolithotomy, Excision of Cyst & I&D, Excision of Breast Lump, Surgery of Hydrocele, appendectomy, Herniotomy, Hernia repair, umblical hernia, Exploratory laparotomy  for perforation, Haemorrhoidectomy, Fistulectomy, Fissurectomy Circumcision and Skin grafting

 Assist in major surgeries,handling of all types of surgical emergencies,post operative management of patient in recovery, ICU and ward, Waste disposal .

 

4. Teaching Program

4.1. General Principles

• Acquisition of practical competencies being the keystone of postgraduate medical education, postgraduate training is skills oriented.
• Learning in postgraduate program is essentially self-directed and primarily emanating from clinical and academic work. The formal sessions are merely meant to supplement this core effort.

4.2. Teaching Sessions

• In addition to bedside teaching rounds, in the department there are daily hourly sessions of formal teaching per week comprising of seminars, case presentations, journal clubs, clinical meetings and central sessions.  

4.3 Teaching schedule

The suggested teaching schedule of the department will be as follows:

1. Seminar 
2. Case Presentation
3. Journal Club
4. Case Presentation 
5. Clinical Meeting 
6. Central session (held in hospital auditorium regarding various     topics like CPC, guest lectures, student  integrated seminars, grand round, sessions on basic sciences, biostatistics, research methodology, teaching methodology, health economics, medical ethics and legal issues).

 

Lectures on different topics are given by the consultants every month.

•  All sessions are attended by the faculty members. All PGs are supposed to attend the sessions except the ones posted in Surgical ICU and emergency.
•  All the teaching sessions are assessed by the consultants at the end of session and kept in the office for internal assessment.
•  The P.G. residents in IIIrd year take preferably undergraduate classes in the evening. This helps them to prepare and make them confident in clinical presentation. The undergraduate students are encouraged to clarify their doubts and sharpen their clinical skills.
•  Ward rounds may be service or teaching rounds.Service rounds should be taken every day for the care of patients and every unit should have grand rounds for teaching purpose. Entry of both the rounds should be made in Log Book.
•  Inter departmental meetings particularly between Pathology, Gastroentrology  and Radio-diagnosis are being held   at least once a month,and entries of intresting cases should be made in the log book.
•  Recommended that at least two state level CME programmes should be attended by each student during the three year tenure.
•   Attending conferences is encouraged although it is optional.

5.  Postings

The postgraduate student rotates through all the clinical units in the department. In addition, following special rotations are also undertaken:

 

       Emergency:                                                       4 months

       Surgical ICU                                                  4 months

 Superspcialities (Neurosurgery,Plastic Surgery,Paediatric Surgery & Urology)  Posting at one area will be for 2 months

 

• During first year the resident will work under direct supervision of the 2^nd & 3^rd  year residents/senior residents and consultant on call. He/she will be responsible for taking detailed history, examination of patients as per the file record and send appropriate investigations as advised by  the seniors and making discharge cards. Initially all procedures are to be observed and then done under supervision of seniors and during 2^nd / 3^rd year can do procedures independently. In 2^nd year, resident is posted in emergency ,Surgical ICU and specialities. In 3^rd year, resident is also encourged to make independent decisions in management of cases  and perform surgery independently . He /she is also involved in teaching of undergraduate students.

6. Thesis:

•  Every  candidate shall carry out work on an assigned research project under the guidance of a recognized postgraduate teacher, the project shall be written and submitted in the form of a Thesis. 
•  Every candidates shall submit thesis plan to the University within time frame set by university.
•  Thesis shall be submitted to the University six months before the commencement of theory examination i.e. for examination May/June session, 30^th November of the preceding year of examination and for
• November/December session 31^st May of the year of examination.
•  The student will (i) Identify a relevant research problem (ii) conduct a critical review of literature; (iii) formulate a hypothesis; (iv) determine the most suitable study design; (v) state the objectives of the study; (vi) prepare a study protocol; (vii) undertake a study according to the protocol; (viii) analyze and interpret research data, and draw conclusions; (ix) write a research paper.  

7.  Assessment

• All the PG residents are assessed daily for their academic activities and also periodically.

7.1. General Principles

•  The assessment is valid, objective, and reliable. 
•  It covers cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains.
• Formative, continuing and summative (final) assessment is also conducted in theory as well as practicals. In addition, thesis is also assessed separately.  

7.2. Formative Assessment

• The formative assessment is continuous as well as end-of-term. The former is be based on the feedback from the senior residents and the consultants concerned. All the consultants of the unit in which resident is working will give marks based on performance. These marks will be summated over a period of tenure. End-of-term assessment is held at the end of each semester (upto the 5^th semester). Formative assessment will not count towards pass/fail at the end of the program, but will provide feedback to the candidate.

7.3. Internal Assessment 

       The performance of the Postgraduate student during the training period should be monitored throughout the course and duly recorded in the log books as evidence of the ability and daily work of the student. Marks should be allotted out of 100 as followed.

                          Sr. No.                      Items                                                         Marks

1. Personal Attributes                                          20
2. Clinical Work                                                    20
3. Academic activities                                          20
4. End of term theory examination                     20
5. End of term practical examination                 20         

 

1. Personal attributes:

 Behavior and Emotional Stability: Dependable, disciplined, dedicated, stable in emergency situations, shows positive approach.

 Motivation and Initiative: Takes on responsibility, innovative, enterprising, does not shirk duties or leave any work pending.

 Honesty and Integrity: Truthful, admits mistakes, does not cook up information, has ethical conduct, exhibits good moral values, loyal to the institution.  

 Interpersonal Skills and Leadership Quality: Has compassionate attitude towards patients and attendants, gets on well with colleagues and paramedical staff, is respectful to seniors, has good communication skills. 

 

2. Clinical Work:

 Availability: Punctual, available continuously on duty, responds promptly on calls and takes proper permission for leave. 

 Diligence: Dedicated, hardworking, does not shirk duties, leaves no work pending, does not sit idle, competent in clinical case work up and management.

 Academic ability: Intelligent, shows sound knowledge and skills, participates adequately in academic activities, and performs well in oral presentation and departmental tests.  

 Clinical Performance: Proficient in clinical presentations and case discussion during rounds and OPD work up. Preparing Documents of the case history/examination and progress notes in the file (daily notes, round discussion, investigations and management) Skill of performing bed side procedures and handling emergencies.

 

3. Academic Activity: Performance during presentation at Journal club/ Seminar/ Case discussion/Stat meeting and other academic sessions. Proficiency in skills as mentioned in job responsibilities.  

 

4. End of term theory examination conducted at end of 1^st, 2^nd year and after 2 years 9 months

 

5. End of term practical/oral examinations after 2 years 9 months.

 

•   Marks for personal attributes and clinical work should be given annually by all the consultants under whom the resident was posted during the year. Average of the three years should be put as the final marks out of 20.

 

• Marks for academic activity should be given by the all consultants who have attended the session presented by the resident. 

 

•   The Internal assessment should be presented to the Board of examiners for due consideration at the time of Final Examinations. 

 

7.4. Summative Assessment 

•  Ratio of marks in theory and practicals will be equal. 
•  The pass percentage will be 50%. 
•  Candidate will have to pass theory and practical examinations separately

A. Theory Examination (Total= 400)

                                Paper       Title                                                        Marks

Paper 1:  Basic sciences as applied to Surgery  100 

                               Paper 2:  Principles and practice of Surgery         100 

                                Paper 3:  Operative Surgery                                   100 

                               Paper 4:  Recent advances in Surgery                  100 

B. Practical Examination and Viva voce (Total=400)

        

Long Case (s)           - One                                     150

Short Case (s)           -Three x 50                           150

8. Job Responsibilities

• During first year, the resident should work under direct supervision of the 2^nd & 3^rd year residents/senior residents and consultant on call. He/she will be responsible for taking detailed history, examination of patients as per the file record and send appropriate investigations as advised by  the seniors and making discharge cards. Initially all the procedures are to be observed and then performed under supervision of seniors and during 2^nd / 3^rd year should do procedures independently. In 2^nd year, resident should be posted in emergency, Surgical ICU and specialties concerned. In 3^rd year, resident is encouraged to make independent decisions in management of cases and perform surgery independently. He /she is involved in teaching of undergraduate students.

 

9. Suggested Books

9.1. Core Books

•  Bailey & Love’s- Short Practice of Surgery
•  Farquaharson’s Text Book of General Surgery
•  Current Surgical Diagnosis & Treatment
•  S.Das Manual on Clinical Surgery

9.2. Reference Books

•  Hamilton Bailey Demonstration of Clinical signs & Symptoms in surgery
•  Emergency Surgery By Baily H
•  Dudley’s Atlas of General Surgery
•  Pye’s Surgical Handicraft
•  Mastery of Surgery by Baker R.J Vol. I & II
•  Schwartz-Principles of Surgery
•  Recent Advances, Tayler
•  Sabiston Text Book of Surgery, Part I & II
•  Maingot’s Abdominal Operations 
•  Oxford Text Book of Surgery Vol.I,II & III by Morris and Wood
•  S.Das Text Book on Surgical Short Cases
•  Mastery of Thoracic Surgery
•  Text Book of Hepatobiliary Surgery-Blumgart  Textbook Colorectal Surgery by Corman Marwin L.
•  Laparoscopic Surgery Technique-Darsi
•  Zollinger Altas of Surgical Operation
•  Surgery of Alimentary Tract Vol 1 & 2 Shackelford 

9.3. Journals

•   Annals of Surgery
•  Archives of Surgery
•  British Journal of Surgery
•  Journal of Neurosurgery
•  Journal of  Neurosurgery : Spine
•  Journal of Neurosurgery : Pediatrics
•  Journal of Plastic , Reconstructive and  Aesthetic Surgery 
•  Journal of Trauma
•  Journal of Urology
•  Neurosurgery clinics of North America
•  Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery

 Surgery

•  Surgical Clinics of North America
•  Urologic Clinics of North America
•  Indian Journal of Surgery
•  Journal of Minimal Access Surgery
•  Journal of Indian Association of Paediatric Surgery
•  Indian Journal of Burns
•  Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardio vascular Surgery 
•  Journal of Emergency Trauma and Shock
• Current problems in Surgery    

 

10. Model Test Papers