World of DNA

At first, everyone could identify the relationship. Like we look alike in the faces of Amitabh Bachchan and Abhishek Bachchan. Hema Malini and Isha The Seoul look alike or Sharmila Tagore and Saif Ali Khan have a similar look. Most of you will know that they have a relationship with each other whether it is mother-daughter, mother-son or father-son. That is why their faces meet each other.

It is known that children always have physical or physical symptoms like their mother or their father, such as eye color, hair color, nose texture or body texture and color, etc. Not only this, sometimes children also look like their grandparents or grandparents. Thus the question arises in your mind that children often look like their parents? Why do their parents have symptoms?

Well, you may or may not have thought about it, but years ago scientists started thinking about it. It took scientists a long time to learn this. And to get complete information about this, not one, but many scientists have done different experiments. One such experiment took place about 150 years ago. In 1865, Gregor Mendel (Gregor Johann Mendel) took the initiative to find out the causes of symptoms derived from heredity.

In 1865, Gregor John Mendel (Gregor Johann Mendel) conducted his experiments on the pea plant and made his own rules about the causes of inherited traits. Through his experiments, Mendel has discovered that different traits appear in the offspring only because of the adaptability and weakening of different factors from the parents. But what is the element by which parents' symptoms are transmitted to children, they were not informed about it.

In 1903, the genus scientist Walter, advancing the use of Mendel, made it clear through his experiments that due to chromosomes, genetic traits are transmitted from one generation to another. Not only this, it is also clear that the basis of the rules of heredity made by Mendel are two different forms of Hamadme in which one is strong and the other is weak.

But by that time it was not clear whether genes (genes) are in proteins located in chromosomes (chromosomes) or in nucleic acids (nucleic acids). Different scientists started their experiments to make similar discoveries. Some scientists have done many experiments to DNA with bacteria (bacteria) and viruses (viruses). The experiment of Frederick Griffithi (Frederick Griffith) and other scientists revealed that DNA is a nucleic acid that contains genetic instructions. Thus it was found that DNA is essential for the development of any living creature. DNA is also found in some viruses.

There are also ultrasonic processes as are happening in our body, all of them have information with DNA. Our genes of ours are made up of DNA that we get from our parents. What characteristics of parents will be transferred to their children like what color of our eyes will be, how will our hair be, what will be the shape of our nose or what will be the color of our body, DNA is made by us about et cetera, etc. Too - as we are. Not only this, the DNA of some people is not the same. A lot of information about us or our ancestors can also be obtained by DNA. This DNA is the same from which scientists detected the lost case between monkey and man.

Each man has his own distinct DNA pattern, due to which, the law solves judicial offenses easily. DNA is the cause of orthodoxy. Based on the use of Griffis, it is being discovered that our body is made up of 100 trillion cells working together, in which the DNA is located inside the chromosome at the center and DNA is the element which is the cause of genetic traits.

Today we know how bricks are made of walls and walls are built in the same way our body is also made of cells (nuclei), chromosomes (chromosomes), histones (histones), DNA and genes. . Proteins are also there. There are about 100 trillion cells in our body. All these cells are organized in our skin, body, muscles, nervous system etc. In the center of the cells are nuclei which control the functions of cells. The nucleus consists of 23 chromosomes in two stages. This means that the nucleus contains a total of 46 chromosomes.

The DNA in the chromosome is wrapped on a protein called histone, which makes it look very small in size. When the corpuscles divide, the DNA in the chromosome also divides and identically forms. Some cells, such as our hair and nail cells, are dead, but they also divide continuously because of their roots being alive. Other cells, such as our brain, skin, and heart cells, stop dividing several times. At different cell types, the DNA is formed by different flows at the time of division.

Through the years of hard work and research of scientists, today we are able to know that DNA is the element that causes the symptoms of their parents in children. And that's why Hema Malini

And Isha the Seoul's eyes look the same,

Mallika Sarabhai and Vikram Sarabhai have similar glimpses, and Amitabh and Abhishek Bachchan look alike. This is how DNA surgery printing (DNA fingerprinting) was born.

It is not necessary to say a straw in a claw, but it is not necessary, but if a hair of a thief does not have a single hair, then how does the police catch him? You must have heard the name DNA Finger Printing, Kama's Signs. Much talk of DNA finer printing goes on. Originally Divided into DNA Testing Printing Changes in Printing Winger has no hands? DNA is genetic material. And our cells have the same DNA in each cell and each cell has different DNA, so if we want to identify if someone is a son or not, then we have to see that their father has someone There is not a trace of DNA in it or not in the DNA and whether there is a trace of their mother or not.

Nowadays DNA testing printing is a process through which the identity of a person is identified. For this, DNA sample is taken from the hair, saliva or blood of the person concerned. DNA ie deoxyroid nucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a serine structure that is in the nucleus of every individual cell. The thing that keeps the two ends of the DNA linked together is called a bassbare. By the way, DNA contains several million bass bears. On the basis of which the person is identified. But it takes a long time. Therefore, scientists use some selective sequence of DNA which is definitely different in every person except the parents.

DNA testing is the first process in which DNA is extracted from the body's cells or tissues. After this, DNA is cut into several pieces of different sizes with the help of enzymes. Now these pieces are sorted by a particular vith according to their size. The distribution of these pieces of DNA is then transferred to a nylate sheet. Later, they add this nalon sheet, radio active or color proofed. From this, a pattern emerges on the sheet, this is what we call DNA freezing printing. It looks like a barcode printed on the tag of a purchased item.

Similarly, the identity of a person is based on the similarity or inequality found in two DNA test printing. Then whether it is a matter of parity or of crime. So to know in this way crime is very much needed and is going to be used. Surprisingly, 50 years ago we had no idea what DNA DNA is. It is such a new thing 50-55 years ago but it has been used well today.

Well, as easily as we often use a word like DNA in interactions today, it was just a symbol of a question arising from human thinking years ago, which our curiosity had made an answer to solve many of the annals of genetic science. And today we are using DNA to identify relationships. In the future, many diseases may be possible through DNA. In the coming years, the spread of diseases can be enabled by modification of the DNA responsible for diseases. And such techniques have started.

This year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded for studies related to DNA repair. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry will be awarded to the three scientists Tomas Lindal (Tomas Lindahl), Paulisch (Paul L. Modrich) and Ejaz Sanker (Aziz Sansar). He has done important research on DNA repair. DNA repair is a collection of processes in which cancerous DNA is treated by cell identification.

In humans, there may be more DNA by human activities and ultraviolet emissions. DNA repair depends on many factors such as cell age, cell type, and the environment outside the cell. Many genetic diseases are also likely to be treated by DNA repair in the future. That is why the work done in this field is considered important for the Nobel Prize.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences) says studies by these scientists have helped to understand how conditions can worsen in conditions such as cancer. And these scientists explained how cells repair DNA. Tomas Lindal is currently employed at the Francis Crick Institute in the UK. Paul Manish and Aziz Sankar are employed in universities in the United States. The amount of 80 lakh Swedish kronor to be given under this biggest prize in the world of science will be divided equally among the three pairs.

Author's introduction:
Navneet Kumar Gupta has been striving for scientific approach and environmental protection awareness through various mediums of mass communication such as journals, All India Radio and Doordarshan since last ten years. About a dozen books related to your science communication have been brought to light and many prestigious and honors have been received, including the Home Ministry and Rajiv Gandhi Gyan Vigyan Basic Book Writing Award. He is associated with 'Prasar Vigyan Prasar', an institute working in the field of science communication. Contact can be made at the following mail id: