2013-Nov-1st-MBBS

Describe the scalp under the following headings.

1. Layers
2. Blood supply
3. Nerve supply
4. Applied Anatomy

3+2+3+2=10

Describe the shoulder joint under the following headings:

1. Type and articular surfaces
2. Ligaments
3. Relations
4. Movements with muscles involved
5. Applied anatomy

2+2+1+3+2=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Axillary nerve

Contents, boundaries and applied anatomy of middle ear.

Development and anomalies of the palate

External features and applied anatomy cerebellum

Internal Capsule

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Mention four branches of external carotid artery

Implantation

Osteocytes

Visual cortex

Boundaries of digastric triangle

Describe the Anal canal under the following headings:

1. Situation and extent
2. Interior
3. Musculature
4. Applied Anatomy

1+3+4+2=10

Describe the bronchopulmonary segments under the following headings:

1. Definition and general features
2. Bronchopulmonary segments of the right lung
3. Applied Anatomy

3+5+2=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Common bile duct – Course and relations

Histology of the pancreas.

Development and anomalies of the kidney

Psoas major muscle – Origin, insertion and actions

Common peroneal nerve – Course, branches and applied anatomy

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Meiosis

Classification of bones

Turner’s syndrome

Arterial supply of the suprarenal gland

Mention supports of the uterus

Explain the components of electron transport chain and the flow of electrons through them.  Add a note on inhibitors and uncouplers.

3+3+2+2=10

Define ‘glycogenesis’ and ‘glycogenolysis’.  Describe glycogenesis in detail.  How is it regulated?

2+5+3=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Sickle cell haemoglobin

Therapeutic enzymes

Functions of cholesterol

Wald’s Visual cycle

Biochemical functions of Vitamin B12

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Metalloenzymes

Acute intermittent porphyria

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Liposomes

Specific dynamic action

Explain how recombinant DNA is formed.   What are the applications of recombinant DNA technology in medicine?

5+5=10

Describe the formation of uric acid.  What is the normal serum uric acid level?  Explain the disease associated with its accumulation.  Write the ways for lowering serum uric acid level.

4+1+3+2=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Urea cycle

Nucleosomes

Structure of collagen

Fluid mosaic model

Functions of albumin in the body.

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Functions of Thyroid stimulating hormone

Reverse transcriptase

Biochemical functions  of zinc in the body

Oncogenes

Biochemical functions of estrogens                                              

- - -

Name the clotting factors.  With the help of a schematic diagram, explain the mechanism of blood coagulation.  Add a note on any two important bleeding disorders.

3+4+3=10

2)

Describe the composition, functions and regulation of secretion of pancreatic juice.

2+4+4=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

3)

Movements of small intestine

4)

Second Heart Sound

5)

Poiseuille’s Hagen formula in circulation

6)

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

7)

Pace maker potential

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

8)

Functions of lymph

9)

Secondary active transport

10)

Chronic effects of hypocapnia

     11)  

Jugular venous pulse

     12)

Hypoxia – Definition and types

- - -

Draw a labelled diagram of muscle spindle.  Explain the effects of stretch and stimulation of gamma motor neuron on spindle activity.

2+8=10

Discuss the hormonal, ovarian and uterine changes during menstrual cycle.

2+4+4=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:

5x4=20

Refractive errors in eye and their correction

Hormones regulating plasma calcium level

Seminal fluid

Milk ejection reflex and parturition reflex

Diseases of basal ganglia

WRITE BRIEFLY ON:

5x2=10

Nerve action potential

Anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids

Features of hypothyroidism in adults

Two common sleep disorders

Tympanic reflex

- - -